לַ֜ ִם אֶת־אֲחַז ְי ָ֨הוּ בְנ֤וֹ הַקָּטֹן֙ תַּחְתָּ֔יו כִּ֤י כׇ ל־הָרִ ֽאשֹׁנ ִים֙ הָרַ ֣ג הַגְּד֔וּד הַבָּ֥א
בָﬠַרְ בִ֖ים לַֽמַּחֲנ ֶ֑ה ו ַ יּ ִ מְלֹ֛ךְ אֲחַז ְי ָ֥הוּ בֶן־י ְהוֹרָ ֖ם מֶ֥לֶךְ י ְהוּדָֽה׃
aWith vv. 1–6, cf. 2 Kings 8.25–29; with vv. 8–9, cf. 2 Kings
9.27–28; with vv. 10–12, cf. 2 Kings 11.1–3.The inhabitants of
Jerusalem made Ahaziah, his youngest son, king in his stead,
because all the older ones had been killed by the troops that
penetrated the camp with the Arabs. Ahaziah son of Jehoram
.reigned as king of Judah
בֶּן־אַרְ בָּﬠִ֨ים וּשְׁתַּ֤י ִם שָׁנ ָה֙ אֲחַז ְי ָ֣הוּ בְמׇ לְכ֔וֹ ו ְ שָׁנ ָ֣ה אַחַ֔ת מָלַ֖ךְ בִּירוּשָׁלָ֑ ִם ו ְ שֵׁ֣ם
אִמּ֔וֹ ﬠֲתַלְי ָ֖הוּ בַּת־ﬠׇ מְרִ ֽי׃ Ahaziah was forty-two years old when he
became king, and he reigned in Jerusalem one year; his
.mother’s name was Athaliah daughter of Omri
גַּם־ה֣וּא הָלַ֔ךְ בְּדַרְ כֵ֖י בֵּ֣ית אַחְאָ֑ב כִּ֥י אִמּ֛וֹ הָי ְתָ֥ה יוֹﬠַצְתּ֖וֹ לְהַרְ שִֽׁיﬠַ׃ He too
followed the practices of the house of Ahab, for his mother
.counseled him to do evil
ו ַ יּ ַ֧ﬠַשׂ הָרַ ֛ע בְּﬠֵינ ֵ֥י י ְהֹו ָ֖ה כְּבֵ֣ית אַחְאָ֑ב כִּי־הֵ֜מָּה הָיוּ־ל֣וֹ יֽוֹﬠֲצִ֗ים אַֽחֲרֵ ֛י מ֥וֹת אָבִ֖יו
לְמַשְׁחִ֥ית לֽוֹ׃ He did what was displeasing to the LORD, like the
house of Ahab, for they became his counselors after his
.father’s death, to his ruination
גַּ֣ם בַּﬠֲצָתָם֮ הָלַךְ֒ ו ַ יּ ֵ֩לֶךְ֩ אֶת־י ְהוֹרָ ֨ם בֶּן־אַחְאָ֜ב מֶ֣לֶךְ י ִ שְׂרָ אֵ֗ל לַמִּלְחָמָ֛ה
ﬠַל־חֲז ָאֵ֥ל מֶלֶךְ־אֲרָ ֖ם בְּרָ מ֣וֹת גִּלְﬠָ֑ד ו ַ יּ ַ כּ֥וּ הָרַ מִּ֖ים אֶת־יוֹרָ ֽם׃ Moreover, he
followed their counsel and marched with Jehoram son of King
Ahab of Israel to battle against King Hazael of Aram at
.Ramoth-gilead, where the Arameans wounded Joram
ו ַ יּ ָ֜שׇׁ ב לְהִתְרַ פֵּ֣א בְי ִז ְרְ ﬠֶ֗אל כִּ֤י הַמַּכִּים֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הִכֻּ֣הוּ בָרָ מָ֔ה בְּהִלָּ֣חֲמ֔וֹ אֶת־חֲז ָהאֵ֖למֶ֣לֶךְ אֲרָ ֑ם ו ַﬠֲז ַרְ י ָ֨הוּ בֶן־י ְהוֹרָ ֜ם מֶ֣לֶךְ י ְהוּדָ֗ה י ָרַ ֡ד לִרְ א֞וֹת אֶת־י ְהוֹרָ ֧ם בֶּן־אַחְאָ֛ב
בְּי ִז ְרְ ﬠֶ֖אל כִּי־חֹלֶ֥ה הֽוּא׃ He returned to Jezreel to recover from the
wounds inflicted on him at Ramah when he fought against
King Hazael of Aram. King Azariah son of Jehoram of Judah
went down to Jezreel to visit Jehoram son of Ahab while he
.was ill
וּמֵאֱלֹהִ֗ים הָֽי ְתָה֙ תְּבוּסַ֣ת אֲחַז ְי ָ֔הוּ לָב֖וֹא אֶל־יוֹרָ ֑ם וּבְבֹא֗וֹ י ָצָ֤א ﬠִם־י ְהוֹרָ ם֙
אֶל־י ֵה֣וּא בֶן־נ ִמְשִׁ֔י אֲשֶׁ֣ר מְשָׁח֣וֹ י ְהֹו ָ֔ה לְהַכְרִ ֖ית אֶת־בֵּ֥ית אַחְאָֽב׃ God
caused the downfall of Ahaziah because he visited Joram.
During his visit he went out with Jehoram to Jehu son of
Nimshi, whom the LORD had anointed to cut off the house of
.Ahab
ו ַי ְהִ֕י כְּהִשָּׁפֵ֥ט י ֵה֖וּא ﬠִם־בֵּ֣ית אַחְאָ֑ב ו ַ יּ ִ מְצָא֩ אֶת־שָׂרֵ ֨י י ְהוּדָ֜ה וּבְנ ֵ֨י אֲחֵ֧י אֲחַז ְי ָ֛הוּ
מְשָׁרְ תִ֥ים לַאֲחַז ְי ָ֖הוּ ו ַ יּ ַ הַרְ גֵֽם׃ In the course of bringing the house of
Ahab to judgment, Jehu came upon the officers of Judah and
the nephews of Ahaziah, ministers of Ahaziah, and killed
.them
ו ַי ְבַקֵּשׁ֩ אֶת־אֲחַז ְי ָ֨הוּ ו ַֽיּ ִ לְכְּדֻ ֜הוּ ו ְה֧וּא מִתְחַבֵּ֣א בְשֹׁמְר֗וֹן ו ַי ְבִאֻ֣הוּ אֶל־י ֵהוּא֮
ו ַי ְמִיתֻ ֒הוּ֒ ו ַֽיּ ִ קְבְּרֻ ֔הוּ כִּ֤י אָֽמְרוּ֙ בֶּן־י ְהוֹשָׁפָ֣ט ה֔וּא אֲשֶׁר־דָּרַ ֥שׁ אֶת־י ְהֹו ָ֖ה בְּכׇ ל־לְבָב֑וֹ
ו ְאֵין֙ לְבֵ֣ית אֲחַז ְי ָ֔הוּ לַﬠְצֹ֥ר כֹּ֖חַ לְמַמְלָכָֽה׃ ,He sent in search of Ahaziah
who was caught hiding in Samaria, was brought to Jehu, and
put to death. He was given a burial, because it was said, “He
is the son of Jehoshaphat who worshiped the
LORDwholeheartedly.” So the house of Ahaziah could not
.muster the strength to rule
ו ַﬠֲתַלְי ָ֙הוּ֙ אֵ֣ם אֲחַז ְי ָ֔הוּ רָ אֲתָ֖ה כִּ֣י מֵ֣ת בְּנ ָ֑הּ ו ַ תָּ֗קׇ ם ו ַ תְּדַבֵּ֛ר אֶת־כׇּ ל־ז ֶ֥רַ ע
הַמַּמְלָכָ֖ה לְבֵ֥ית י ְהוּדָֽה׃ When Athaliah, Ahaziah’s mother, learned
that her son was dead, she promptly did away with all who
.were of the royal stock of the house of Judah
ו ַיּ֥וֹלֶד ﬠֲז ַרְ י ָ֖ה אֶת־אֲמַרְ י ָ֑ה ו ַאֲמַרְ י ָ֖ה הוֹלִ֥יד,1:5:37 DH
,Azariah begot Amariah, Amariah begot Ahitub אֶת־אֲחִיטֽוּב׃
וּמוֹצָ֖א הוֹלִ֣יד אֶת־בִּנ ְﬠָ֑א רָ פָ֥ה בְנ֛וֹ אֶלְﬠָשָׂ֥ה בְנ֖וֹ אָצֵ֥ל ,1:8:37 DH
Moza begot Binea; his son Raphah; his son Eleasah, his בְּנֽוֹ׃
son Azel.
ו ְאָחָז֙ הוֹלִ֣יד אֶת־י ַﬠְרָ ֔ה ו ְי ַﬠְרָ ֗ה הוֹלִ֛יד אֶת־ﬠָלֶ֥מֶת ו ְאֶת־ﬠַז ְמָ֖ו ֶת .1:9:43 DHAhaz begot Jarah, and Jarah ו ְאֶת־ז ִמְרִ ֑י ו ְז ִמְרִ ֖י הוֹלִ֥יד אֶת־מוֹצָֽא׃
begot Alemeth, Azmaveth, and Zimri; Zimri begot Moza.
ו ַ יּ ַ מְלִ֩יכוּ֩ יוֹשְׁבֵ֨י י ְרוּשָׁלַ֜ ִם אֶת־אֲחַז ְי ָ֨הוּ בְנ֤וֹ .2:22:11-23 Atalyahu. DH
הַקָּטֹן֙ תַּחְתָּ֔יו כִּ֤י כׇ ל־הָרִ ֽאשֹׁנ ִים֙ הָרַ ֣ג הַגְּד֔וּד הַבָּ֥א בָﬠַרְ בִ֖ים לַֽמַּחֲנ ֶ֑ה ו ַ יּ ִ מְלֹ֛ךְ
אֲחַז ְי ָ֥הוּ בֶן־י ְהוֹרָ ֖ם מֶ֥לֶךְ י ְהוּדָֽה׃
aWith vv. 1–6, cf. 2 Kings 8.25–29; with vv. 8–9, cf. 2 Kings
9.27–28; with vv. 10–12, cf. 2 Kings 11.1–3.The inhabitants of
Jerusalem made Ahaziah, his youngest son, king in his stead,
because all the older ones had been killed by the troops that
penetrated the camp with the Arabs. Ahaziah son of Jehoram
reigned as king of Judah.
Yoash.
וּבַשָּׁנ ָ֨ה הַשְּׁבִﬠִ֜ית הִתְחַזַּ֣ק י ְהוֹי ָדָ֗ע ו ַ יּ ִ קַּ֣ח אֶת־שָׂרֵ ֣י הַמֵּא֡וֹת .2:23-24 DH
לַﬠֲז ַרְ י ָ֣הוּ בֶן־י ְרֹחָ֡ם וּלְי ִ שְׁמָﬠֵ֣אל בֶּן־י ְ֠הוֹחָנ ָ֠ן ו ְלַﬠֲז ַרְ י ָ֨הוּ בֶן־עוֹבֵ֜ד ו ְאֶת־מַﬠֲשֵׂי ָ֧הוּ
aCf. 2 Kings 11.4–20.In בֶן־ﬠֲדָי ָ֛הוּ ו ְאֶת־אֱלִישָׁפָ֥ט בֶּן־ז ִכְרִ ֖י ﬠִמּ֥וֹ בַבְּרִ ֽית׃
the seventh year, Jehoiada took courage and brought the
chiefs of the hundreds, Azariah son of Jeroham, Ishmael son
of Jehohanan, Azariah son of Obed, Maaseiah son of Adaiah,
and Elishaphat son of Zichri, into a compact with him.
DH 1:5:38, ו ַֽאֲחִיטוּב֙ הוֹלִ֣יד אֶת־צָד֔וֹק ו ְצָד֖וֹק הוֹלִ֥יד אֶת־שַׁלּֽוּם׃ Ahitub
begot Zadok, Zadok begot Shallum,
וּמוֹצָ֖א הוֹלִ֣יד אֶת־בִּנ ְﬠָ֑א רָ פָ֥ה בְנ֛וֹ אֶלְﬠָשָׂ֥ה בְנ֖וֹ אָצֵ֥ל ,1:8:37 DH
Moza begot Binea; his son Raphah; his son Eleasah, his בְּנֽוֹ׃
son Azel.
ו ְאָחָז֙ הוֹלִ֣יד אֶת־י ַﬠְרָ ֔ה ו ְי ַﬠְרָ ֗ה הוֹלִ֛יד אֶת־ﬠָלֶ֥מֶת ו ְאֶת־ﬠַז ְמָ֖ו ֶת .1:9:43 DH
Ahaz begot Jarah, and Jarah ו ְאֶת־ז ִמְרִ ֑י ו ְז ִמְרִ ֖י הוֹלִ֥יד אֶת־מוֹצָֽא׃
begot Alemeth, Azmaveth, and Zimri; Zimri begot Moza.
Amatzyah.
בֶּן־ﬠֶשְׂרִ ֨ים ו ְחָמֵ֤שׁ שָׁנ ָה֙ מָלַ֣ךְ אֲמַצְי ָ֔הוּ ו ְﬠֶשְׂרִ ֤ים ו ָתֵ֙שַׁע֙ שָׁנ ָ֔ה מָלַ֖ךְ,2:25 DH
aCf. 2 Kings 14.Amaziah was בִּירוּשָׁלָ֑ ִם ו ְ שֵׁ֣ם אִמּ֔וֹ י ְהוֹﬠַדָּ֖ן מִירוּשָׁלָֽי ִם׃
twenty-five years old when he became king, and he reigned
twenty-nine years in Jerusalem; his mother’s name was
Jehoaddan of Jerusalem.
DH 1:5:38, ו ַֽאֲחִיטוּב֙ הוֹלִ֣יד אֶת־צָד֔וֹק ו ְצָד֖וֹק הוֹלִ֥יד אֶת־שַׁלּֽוּם׃ Ahitub
begot Zadok, Zadok begot Shallum,וּלְאָצֵל֮ שִׁשָּׁ֣ה בָנ ִים֒ ו ְאֵ֣לֶּה שְׁמוֹתָ֗ם ﬠַז ְרִ יקָ֥ם ׀ בֹּ֙כְרוּ֙ ו ְי ִ שְׁמָﬠֵ֣אל ,1:8:38 DH
Azel had six sons, and these וּשְׁﬠַרְ י ָ֔ה ו ְעֹבַדְי ָ֖ה ו ְחָנ ָ֑ן כׇּ ל־אֵ֖לֶּה בְּנ ֵ֥י אָצַֽל׃
are their names: Azrikam, Bocheru, Ishmael, Sheariah,
Obadiah, and Hanan. All these were the sons of Azel.
ו ְאָחָז֙ הוֹלִ֣יד אֶת־י ַﬠְרָ ֔ה ו ְי ַﬠְרָ ֗ה הוֹלִ֛יד אֶת־ﬠָלֶ֥מֶת ו ְאֶת־ﬠַז ְמָ֖ו ֶת .1:9:43 DH
Ahaz begot Jarah, and Jarah ו ְאֶת־ז ִמְרִ ֑י ו ְז ִמְרִ ֖י הוֹלִ֥יד אֶת־מוֹצָֽא׃
begot Alemeth, Azmaveth, and Zimri; Zimri begot Moza.
ו ַ יּ ִ קְח֞וּ כׇּ ל־ﬠַ֤ם י ְהוּדָה֙ אֶת־ﬠֻזִּיּ ָ֔הוּ ו ְה֕וּא בֶּן־שֵׁ֥שׁ ,2:26 Uzziyahu. DH
Then all the people of ﬠֶשְׂרֵ ֖ה שָׁנ ָ֑ה ו ַ יּ ַ מְלִ֣יכוּ אֹת֔וֹ תַּ֖חַת אָבִ֥יו אֲמַצְי ָֽהוּ׃
Judah took Uzziah, who was sixteen years old, and
proclaimed him king to succeed his father Amaziah.
DH 1:5:38, ו ַֽאֲחִיטוּב֙ הוֹלִ֣יד אֶת־צָד֔וֹק ו ְצָד֖וֹק הוֹלִ֥יד אֶת־שַׁלּֽוּם׃ Ahitub
begot Zadok, Zadok begot Shallum,
DH 1:8:38,
ו ְלֹא־דָרַ ֥שׁ בַּיהֹו ָ֖ה ו ַי ְמִיתֵ֑הוּ ו ַ יּ ַ סֵּב֙ אֶת־הַמְּלוּכָ֔ה לְדָו ִ֖יד בֶּן־י ִ שָֽׁי׃
and did not seek advice of the LORD; so He had him slain
.and the kingdom transferred to David son of Jesse
ו ְאָחָז֙ הוֹלִ֣יד אֶת־י ַﬠְרָ ֔ה ו ְי ַﬠְרָ ֗ה הוֹלִ֛יד אֶת־ﬠָלֶ֥מֶת ו ְאֶת־ﬠַז ְמָ֖ו ֶת .1:9:43 DH
Ahaz begot Jarah, and Jarah ו ְאֶת־ז ִמְרִ ֑י ו ְז ִמְרִ ֖י הוֹלִ֥יד אֶת־מוֹצָֽא׃
begot Alemeth, Azmaveth, and Zimri; Zimri begot Moza.
Yotam.
בֶּן־ﬠֶשְׂרִ ֨ים ו ְחָמֵ֤שׁ שָׁנ ָה֙ יוֹתָ֣ם בְּמׇ לְכ֔וֹ ו ְ שֵׁשׁ־ﬠֶשְׂרֵ ֣ה שָׁנ ָ֔ה מָלַ֖ךְ ,2:27 DH
Jotham was twenty-five years בִּירוּשָׁלָ֑ ִם ו ְ שֵׁ֣ם אִמּ֔וֹ י ְרוּשָׁ֖ה בַּת־צָדֽוֹק׃
old when he became king, and he reigned sixteen years in
Jerusalem; his mother’s name was Jerushah daughter of
Zadok.
ו ְ שַׁלּוּם֙ הוֹלִ֣יד אֶת־חִלְקִיּ ָ֔ה ו ְחִלְקִיּ ָ֖ה הוֹלִ֥יד ,1:5:39 DH
,Shallum begot Hilkiah, Hilkiah begot Azariah אֶת־ﬠֲז ַרְ י ָֽה׃
וּלְאָצֵל֮ שִׁשָּׁ֣ה בָנ ִים֒ ו ְאֵ֣לֶּה שְׁמוֹתָ֗ם ﬠַז ְרִ יקָ֥ם ׀ בֹּ֙כְרוּ֙ ו ְי ִ שְׁמָﬠֵ֣אל ,1:8:38 DH
Azel had six sons, and these וּשְׁﬠַרְ י ָ֔ה ו ְעֹבַדְי ָ֖ה ו ְחָנ ָ֑ן כׇּ ל־אֵ֖לֶּה בְּנ ֵ֥י אָצַֽל׃
are their names: Azrikam, Bocheru, Ishmael, Sheariah,
Obadiah, and Hanan. All these were the sons of Azel.
ו ְאָחָז֙ הוֹלִ֣יד אֶת־י ַﬠְרָ ֔ה ו ְי ַﬠְרָ ֗ה הוֹלִ֛יד אֶת־ﬠָלֶ֥מֶת ו ְאֶת־ﬠַז ְמָ֖ו ֶת ,1:9:43 DH
Ahaz begot Jarah, and Jarah ו ְאֶת־ז ִמְרִ ֑י ו ְז ִמְרִ ֖י הוֹלִ֥יד אֶת־מוֹצָֽא׃
begot Alemeth, Azmaveth, and Zimri; Zimri begot Moza.וּבְנ ֵ֨י רְ אוּבֵ֥ן בְּכֽוֹר־י ִ שְׂרָ אֵל֮ כִּ֣י ה֣וּא הַבְּכוֹר֒ וּֽבְחַלְּלוֹ֙ י ְצוּﬠֵ֣י ,1:5:11-17 DH
The sons אָבִ֔יו נ ִ תְּנ ָה֙ בְּכֹ֣רָ ת֔וֹ לִבְנ ֵ֥י יוֹסֵ֖ף בֶּן־י ִ שְׂרָ אֵ֑ל ו ְלֹ֥א לְהִתְי ַחֵ֖שׂ לַבְּכֹרָ ֽה׃
of Reuben the first-born of Israel. (He was the first-born; but
when he defiled his father’s bed, his birthright was given to
the sons of Joseph son of Israel, so he is not reckoned as
first-born in the genealogy;
וּבְנ ֵ֨י רְ אוּבֵ֥ן בְּכֽוֹר־י ִ שְׂרָ אֵל֮ כִּ֣י ה֣וּא הַבְּכוֹר֒ וּֽבְחַלְּלוֹ֙ י ְצוּﬠֵ֣י .1:5:18-224 DH
The sons אָבִ֔יו נ ִ תְּנ ָה֙ בְּכֹ֣רָ ת֔וֹ לִבְנ ֵ֥י יוֹסֵ֖ף בֶּן־י ִ שְׂרָ אֵ֑ל ו ְלֹ֥א לְהִתְי ַחֵ֖שׂ לַבְּכֹרָ ֽה׃
of Reuben the first-born of Israel. (He was the first-born; but
when he defiled his father’s bed, his birthright was given to
the sons of Joseph son of Israel, so he is not reckoned as
first-born in the genealogy;
Achaz.
בֶּן־ﬠֶשְׂרִ ֤ים שָׁנ ָה֙ אָחָ֣ז בְּמׇ לְכ֔וֹ ו ְ שֵׁשׁ־ﬠֶשְׂרֵ ֣ה שָׁנ ָ֔ה מָלַ֖ךְ בִּירוּשָׁלָ֑ ִם ,2:28 DH
Ahaz was twenty years old ו ְלֹֽא־ﬠָשָׂ֧ה הַיּ ָ שָׁ֛ר בְּﬠֵינ ֵ֥י י ְהֹו ָ֖ה כְּדָו ִ֥יד אָבִֽיו׃
when he became king, and he reigned sixteen years in
Jerusalem. He did not do what was pleasing to the LORD as
his father David had done,
ו ְ שַׁלּוּם֙ הוֹלִ֣יד אֶת־חִלְקִיּ ָ֔ה ו ְחִלְקִיּ ָ֖ה הוֹלִ֥יד ,1:5:39 DH
,Shallum begot Hilkiah, Hilkiah begot Azariah אֶת־ﬠֲז ַרְ י ָֽה׃
וּבְנ ֵ֖י ﬠֵ֣שֶׁק אָחִ֑יו אוּלָ֣ם בְּכֹר֔וֹ י ְעוּשׁ֙ הַשֵּׁנ ִ֔י ו ֶאֱלִיפֶ֖לֶט ,1:8:39 DH
,The sons of Eshek his brother: Ulam his first-born הַשְּׁלִשִֽׁי׃
Jeush the second, and Eliphelet the third.
ו ְכׇ ל־י ִ שְׂרָ אֵל֙ הִתְי ַחְשׂ֔וּ ו ְהִנּ ָ֣ם כְּתוּבִ֔ים ﬠַל־סֵ֖פֶר מַלְכֵ֣י י ִ שְׂרָ אֵ֑ל ,1:9:43 DH
All Israel was registered by ו ִיהוּדָ֛ה הׇ גְל֥וּ לְבָבֶ֖ל בְּמַﬠֲלָֽם׃
genealogies; and these are in the book of the kings of Israel.
And Judah was taken into exile in Babylon because of their
trespass.
וּבְנ ֵ֨י רְ אוּבֵ֥ן בְּכֽוֹר־י ִ שְׂרָ אֵל֮ כִּ֣י ה֣וּא הַבְּכוֹר֒ וּֽבְחַלְּלוֹ֙ י ְצוּﬠֵ֣י אָבִ֔יו .1:5:4-9 DH
The sons of נ ִ תְּנ ָה֙ בְּכֹ֣רָ ת֔וֹ לִבְנ ֵ֥י יוֹסֵ֖ף בֶּן־י ִ שְׂרָ אֵ֑ל ו ְלֹ֥א לְהִתְי ַחֵ֖שׂ לַבְּכֹרָ ֽה׃
Reuben the first-born of Israel. (He was the first-born; but
when he defiled his father’s bed, his birthright was given to
the sons of Joseph son of Israel, so he is not reckoned as
first-born in the genealogy;
Chizkiyahu.י ְחִז ְקִיּ ָ֣הוּ מָלַ֗ךְ בֶּן־ﬠֶשְׂרִ ֤ים ו ְחָמֵשׁ֙ שָׁנ ָ֔ה ו ְﬠֶשְׂרִ ֤ים ו ָתֵ֙שַׁע֙ שָׁנ ָ֔ה ,2:29-32 DH
Hezekiah became king at מָלַ֖ךְ בִּירוּשָׁלָ֑ ִם ו ְ שֵׁ֣ם אִמּ֔וֹ אֲבִיּ ָ֖ה בַּת־ז ְכַרְ י ָֽהוּ׃
the age of twenty-five, and he reigned twenty-nine years in
Jerusalem; his mother’s name was Abijah daughter of
Zechariah.
ו ַ יּ ִ הְי֣וּ בְנ ֵֽי־א֠וּלָ֠ם אֲנ ָ שִׁ֨ים גִּבּוֹרֵ י־חַ֜י ִל דֹּ֣רְ כֵי קֶ֗שֶׁת וּמַרְ בִּ֤ים ,1:8:39-40 DH
בָּנ ִים֙ וּבְנ ֵ֣י בָנ ִ֔ים מֵאָ֖ה ו ַחֲמִשִּׁ֑ים כׇּ ל־אֵ֖לֶּה מִבְּנ ֵ֥י בִנ ְי ָמִֽן׃
The descendants of Ulam—men of substance, who drew the
bow, had many children and grandchildren—one hundred
and fifty; all these were Benjaminites.
DH 1:4:34-43, בְּנ ֵ֖י י ְהוּדָ֑ה פֶּ֧רֶ ץ חֶצְר֛וֹן ו ְכַרְ מִ֖י ו ְח֥וּר ו ְשׁוֹבָֽל׃ The sons of
Judah: Perez, Hezron, Carmi, Hur, and Shobal.
גַּם־אֵ֭לֶּה מִשְׁלֵ֣י שְׁלֹמֹ֑ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר הֶ֝ﬠְתִּ֗יקוּ אַנ ְ שֵׁ֤י ׀ חִז ְקִיּ ָ֬ה .25:1 Mishlei
These too are proverbs of Solomon, which the מֶלֶךְ־י ְהוּדָֽה׃
men of King Hezekiah of Judah copied:
Menashe.
בֶּן־שְׁתֵּ֥ים ﬠֶשְׂרֵ ֛ה שָׁנ ָ֖ה מְנ ַ שֶּׁ֣ה בְמׇ לְכ֑וֹ ו ַחֲמִשִּׁ֤ים ו ְחָמֵשׁ֙ שָׁנ ָ֔ה ,2:33:1-20 DH
aCf. 2 Kings 21.Manasseh was twelve years old מָלַ֖ךְ בִּירוּשָׁלָֽ ִם׃
when he became king, and he reigned fifty-five years in
Jerusalem.
ו ַ יּ ִ הְי֣וּ בְנ ֵֽי־א֠וּלָ֠ם אֲנ ָ שִׁ֨ים גִּבּוֹרֵ י־חַ֜י ִל דֹּ֣רְ כֵי קֶ֗שֶׁת וּמַרְ בִּ֤ים בָּנ ִים֙ ,1:8:40 DH
וּבְנ ֵ֣י בָנ ִ֔ים מֵאָ֖ה ו ַחֲמִשִּׁ֑ים כׇּ ל־אֵ֖לֶּה מִבְּנ ֵ֥י בִנ ְי ָמִֽן׃
The descendants of Ulam—men of substance, who drew the
bow, had many children and grandchildren—one hundred
and fifty; all these were Benjaminites.
וּלְאָצֵל֮ שִׁשָּׁ֣ה בָנ ִים֒ ו ְאֵ֣לֶּה שְׁמוֹתָ֗ם ﬠַז ְרִ יקָ֥ם ׀ בֹּ֙כְרוּ֙ ו ְי ִ שְׁמָﬠֵ֣אל .1:9:44 DH
וּשְׁﬠַרְ י ָ֔ה ו ְעֹבַדְי ָ֖ה ו ְחָנ ָ֑ן אֵ֖לֶּה בְּנ ֵ֥י אָצַֽל׃
Azel had six sons and these were their names: Azrikam,
Bocheru, Ishmael, Sheariah, Obadiah, and Hanan. These
were the sons of Azel.
Amon.
בֶּן־שְׁתֵּ֥ים ﬠֶשְׂרֵ ֛ה שָׁנ ָ֖ה מְנ ַ שֶּׁ֣ה בְמׇ לְכ֑וֹ ו ַחֲמִשִּׁ֤ים ו ְחָמֵשׁ֙ .2:33:21-25 DH
aCf. 2 Kings 21.Manasseh was twelve years שָׁנ ָ֔ה מָלַ֖ךְ בִּירוּשָׁלָֽ ִם׃
old when he became king, and he reigned fifty-five years inJerusalem.
Yoshiyahu.
בֶּן־שְׁמוֹנ ֶ֥ה שָׁנ ִ֖ים יֹאשִׁיּ ָ֣הוּ בְמׇ לְכ֑וֹ וּשְׁלֹשִׁ֤ים ו ְאַחַת֙ ,2:34:1-35:1-25 DH
aCf. 2 Kings 22; 23.1–20.Josiah was eight שָׁנ ָ֔ה מָלַ֖ךְ בִּירוּשָׁלָֽ ִם׃
years old when he became king, and he reigned thirty-one
years in Jerusalem.
ו ְ שַׁלּוּם֙ הוֹלִ֣יד אֶת־חִלְקִיּ ָ֔ה ו ְחִלְקִיּ ָ֖ה הוֹלִ֥יד .1:5:39 DH
,Shallum begot Hilkiah, Hilkiah begot Azariah אֶת־ﬠֲז ַרְ י ָֽה׃
Yehoachaz.
ו ַ יּ ַ֨ﬠַשׂ יֹאשִׁיּ ָ֧הוּ בִירוּשָׁלַ֛ ִם פֶּ֖סַח לַיהֹו ָ֑ה ו ַ יּ ִ שְׁחֲט֣וּ הַפֶּ֔סַח ,2:35:26-27 DH
aCf. 2 Kings 23.21–30.Josiah kept בְּאַרְ בָּﬠָ֥ה ﬠָשָׂ֖ר לַחֹ֥דֶשׁ הָרִ אשֽׁוֹן׃
the Passover for the LORD in Jerusalem; the passover
sacrifice was slaughtered on the fourteenth day of the first
month.
ו ַ יּ ִ קְחוּ֙ ﬠַם־הָאָ֔רֶ ץ אֶת־י ְהוֹאָחָ֖ז בֶּן־יֹאשִׁיּ ָ֑הוּ ו ַ יּ ַ מְלִיכֻ֥הוּ ,2:36:1-4 DH
–24.1 ;37–23.28 aWith vv. 1–13, cf. 2 Kings תַֽחַת־אָבִ֖יו בִּירוּשָׁלָֽ ִם׃
20.The people of the land took Jehoahaz son of Josiah and
made him king instead of his father in Jerusalem.
DH 1:5:40. ו ַﬠֲז ַרְ י ָה֙ הוֹלִ֣יד אֶת־שְׂרָ י ָ֔ה וּשְׂרָ י ָ֖ה הוֹלִ֥יד אֶת־י ְהוֹצָדָֽק׃ Azariah
begot Seraiah, Seraiah begot Jehozadak;
Yehoyakim.
DH 2:36:5-8.
ו ַ יּ ִ קְחוּ֙ ﬠַם־הָאָ֔רֶ ץ אֶת־י ְהוֹאָחָ֖ז בֶּן־יֹאשִׁיּ ָ֑הוּ ו ַ יּ ַ מְלִיכֻ֥הוּ תַֽחַת־אָבִ֖יו
בִּירוּשָׁלָֽ ִם׃ aWith vv. 1–13, cf. 2 Kings 23.28–37; 24.1–20.The
people of the land took Jehoahaz son of Josiah and made
.him king instead of his father in Jerusalem
Yehoyachin.
ו ַ יּ ִ קְחוּ֙ ﬠַם־הָאָ֔רֶ ץ אֶת־י ְהוֹאָחָ֖ז בֶּן־יֹאשִׁיּ ָ֑הוּ ו ַ יּ ַ מְלִיכֻ֥הוּ .2:36:9-10 DH
–24.1 ;37–23.28 aWith vv. 1–13, cf. 2 Kings תַֽחַת־אָבִ֖יו בִּירוּשָׁלָֽ ִם׃
20.The people of the land took Jehoahaz son of Josiah and
made him king instead of his father in Jerusalem.
Tzidkiyahu.
ו ַ יּ ִ קְחוּ֙ ﬠַם־הָאָ֔רֶ ץ אֶת־י ְהוֹאָחָ֖ז בֶּן־יֹאשִׁיּ ָ֑הוּ ו ַ יּ ַ מְלִיכֻ֥הוּ,2:36:11-21 DH
–24.1 ;37–23.28 aWith vv. 1–13, cf. 2 Kings תַֽחַת־אָבִ֖יו בִּירוּשָׁלָֽ ִם׃
20.The people of the land took Jehoahaz son of Josiah andmade him king instead of his father in Jerusalem.
וּבְנ ֵ֨י רְ אוּבֵ֥ן בְּכֽוֹר־י ִ שְׂרָ אֵל֮ כִּ֣י ה֣וּא הַבְּכוֹר֒ וּֽבְחַלְּלוֹ֙ י ְצוּﬠֵ֣י אָבִ֔יו.1:5:40-41 DH
The sons of נ ִ תְּנ ָה֙ בְּכֹ֣רָ ת֔וֹ לִבְנ ֵ֥י יוֹסֵ֖ף בֶּן־י ִ שְׂרָ אֵ֑ל ו ְלֹ֥א לְהִתְי ַחֵ֖שׂ לַבְּכֹרָ ֽה׃
Reuben the first-born of Israel. (He was the first-born; but
when he defiled his father’s bed, his birthright was given to
the sons of Joseph son of Israel, so he is not reckoned as
first-born in the genealogy;
Most of Trei Asar are spread out across the timeline of
Melachim5. Ovadiyahis thought by some
to have been the Ovadiyahu who was an important servant in
the government of Achav (see Melachim 1:18).
Yonah was probably next, a prophet during the time of King
Yerov’am II,
but quite possibly a student of Elisha before that (see here).
Yoel may have been around the time of Yonah, because
דם נקיא :there’s one phrase that appears only in their books
(with that spelling). Hosheawas active during the reign of
Uzziyahu, Yotam, Achaz and Chizkiyahu, as was Yesha’ayhu,
although it is believed by some that Yesha’ayahu was
Hoshea’s student, being that he seems to quote him
sometimes. Amos was also active during the time of Uzziyahu
and Yerovam II. Amos also appears to be quoting Hoshea, so
may have also been a student of his. Micha was active during
the reign of Yotam, Achaz and Chizkiyahu, quotes
Yesha’ayahu, and some even think he was also active during
the time of Menashe (see here).
Yeshaiahu 1, 1Yeshaiahu 40, 1
בקרב חוקרי המקרא מקובל לראות בפרקים מ’-ס”ו פרי יצירתו של נביא
עלום שם, שחי כ-150 שנה אחרי ישעיהו, ומכנים אותו “ישעיהו השני”.
בשיעור נתעמת עם הטענות, וננסה לחזק את העמדה ש”אחד היה
ישעיהו” בעזרת הכתובים עצמם
Nachum also quotes Yesha’ayahu. Chavakukquotes Micha.Tzephanyah was active during the time of Yoshiyahu and also
quotes Yesha’ayahu. Yirmiyahu was active during the time of
Yoshiyahu, Yehoazchaz, Yehoyakim, Yehoyachin and
Tzidkiyahu. Around this time he wrote Eichaas well (see
here).
During the exile of Yehoyachin but before the destruction of
the Temple, Yechezkel prophesied in Babylon. Daniel became
prominent from the time of the exile of Yehoyachin and was
active until the time of Daryavesh ben Esther.
Rabbi Ahron Marcus discusses this issue shortly in his book
“Barzilai” (pg. 313 in the Hebrew edition):
“קושי שלישי שעורר אופרט…בדניאל א, 21 נאמר: “ויהי דניאל עד שנת
אחת לכורש המלך.” ואילו בפרק י מנבא דניאל את נבואתו האחרונה
“בשנת שלוש לכורש מלך פרס”. אופרט לא שם לב, כי בדניאל א’, 21
נאמר “ויהי”, לא “ויחי”. אילו היה כתוב “ויחי”, היה הדבר נוגד את רוח
השפה העברית בהקשר זה…כל תלמיד בחדר מבין את הכתוב, כי דניאל
התמיד במשרתו בבבל עד לעלייתו של כורש לשלטון, ועבר אחרי כן
לפרס, שם ראה את חזונו האחרון “על יד הנהר הגדול הוא חדקל” )דניאל
, 4(…”
י
Translation: “A third difficulty raised by Oppert…in Daniel 1:21
it says: “Daniel was there until the first year of King Cyrus.”
but in chapter 10 Daniel received his final prophecy “In the
third year of Cyrus king of Persia”. Oppert didn’t notice that in
Daniel 1:21 it says “[he] was” [ויהי], not [he] lived” [ויחי]. Were
it so that “[he] lived” was written, this would have contradicted
the spirit of the Hebrew language in this context…every
schoolboy understands that what’s written is that Daniel
continued on his duty in Babylon until the rise to power of
Cyrus, and then he moved to Persia, and there he saw his
final vision “on the bank of the great river—the Tigris” (Daniel
”…)10:4
According to Rabbi Marcus, the first verse refers to how long
Daniel lived in Babylon. After that, Daniel moved to Persia
(which makes sense, in light of the meimra, which appears in
several places, that Daniel was Hatach of Megillat Ester) andit was there that he received his final vision.
Note: I think your question is good, which is why I feel I
should try to explain why Rabbi Marcus basically laughed
away the question (in fact, I didn’t even write everything that
he had to say to Julius Oppert). Although I haven’t merited to
personally know Rabbi Marcus (he died almost a century
ago), I’ve read a few of his books and one essay of his. He
seems to have seen it his duty to utterly decimate Bible
Criticism, in order to sanctify the Torah and sanctify the name
of Hashem. As such, whenever he discussed questions
raised by Bible Critics, he would do his best to “beat them up”
as much as he could. I believe that were he to be asked the
same questions by people who are just trying to understand
Torah, he would have replied in a wholly different manner.
The RI”D, in his commentary on Daniel, has a different
explanation:
“ויהי דניאל – בחצר מלכי בבל עד – שנה אחת לכורש – והוא כורש
הגדול בן אחשוורוש שבנה הבית.” )1:21 Daniel(
Translation: “Daniel was there – in the court of the kings of
Babylon until – the first year of Cyrus – and he is Cyrus the
Greater son of Achashverosh who built the Temple.
“בשנת שלוש לכורש מלך פרס דבר נגלה לדניאל – זהו כורש הראשון,
שבשנה הראשונה למלכותו היתה הפקידה, ובשנת שלש למלכותו נגלה
לדניאל זה המראה.” )10:1 Daniel(
Translation: “In the third year of Cyrus king of Persia an
oracle was revealed to Daniel – this is Cyrus I, that during the
first year of his rule came the charge1, and in the third year of
his rule this oracle was revealed to Daniel.”
In other words, the RI”D thought that the Cyrus in ch. 1 refers
to Daryavesh II, son of Achashverosh (and Esther), who
assisted with finalizing the building of the Temple (see Ezra
5:1-6:15), while the Cyrus in ch. 10 refers to Cyrus I, who
lived several years prior and was the king who first allowed
the Jews to return to Judea and build the Temple (see Rosh
Hashanah 3b on the names and titles of Persian kings).כֹּה אָמַר כֹּרֶ שׁ מֶלֶךְ פָּרַ ס כֹּל“ :I assume this is a reference to this 1
מַמְלְכוֹת הָאָרֶ ץ נ ָתַן לִי ה’ אֱלֹקי הַשָּׁמָי ִם ו ְהוּא פָקַד ﬠָלַי לִבְנוֹת לוֹ בַי ִת
Thus said King Cyrus of Persia: The““ – ”.בִּירוּשָׁלַ ִם אֲשֶׁר בִּיהוּדָה
LORD God of Heaven has given me all the kingdoms of the
earth and has charged me with building Him a house in
Jerusalem, which is in Judah.” (Ezra 1:2)
Some chapters of Tehillim can be attributed to this time,
notably Tehillim 137.
Ezra starts in the beginning of the reign of Koresh who ruled
after Daryavesh the Mede, who defeated the Babylonians.
Tehillim 126, DH 2:36:22-23, Ezra 1:1-4:1-5. Ezra 4:6-24 was
during the time of Achashverosh/Artachshasta (I), as was
Esther. Daryavesh ben Esther assumed the throne. Ezra
.5:1-2
Chaggai and Zecharyah prophesied around this time. Ezra
5:3-Nechemiah 13 also took place during the reign of
Daryavesh ben Esther, aka Artachshasta (II). Per Malbim, DH
1:9:1-34
is parallel to Nechemiah 11. Malachi prophesied somewhere
around this time. DH 1:3:19-24 spans this era.
1 Achar is Achan who plays an important (negative) role in
the conquest of the Ai story in Yehoshua.
2 Per Yechezkel Kaufmann, among others.
3 According to the gemara
and the midrash, Hatzlalpuni was Shimshon’s mother.
The derasha in Bemidbar Rabba (which is indeed “thought to
be considerably later”) includes the derivation from the verse
in Divrei Hayamim, which would serve as a check from the
name shifting. Meanwhile, the statement in Bava Batra does
not include a derivation from a pasuk, and indeed, some
commentators (such as Shteinsaltz) take the Talmudic
statement which follows,למאי נפקא מינה לתשובת המינים
to mean:
It is important with regard to an answer for heretics who
inquire into the names of these women, which are not stated
in the Bible. One can reply that there is a tradition handed
down concerning their names.
Lack of an explicit verse means that the seemingly
meaningless name, passed in tradition orally and then
textually, could slightly shift.
Examining manuscripts of the gemara on the Hachi Garsinan
website, I found that most agree with our printed Vilna Shas
with צללפונית – namely, the Venice, Pizaro, Hamburg, Paris,
and Escorial all have this reading.
In the Munich manuscript, they have צלולפוני with a final mark
over the last letters, which would indicate a final ת but still is
closer to the name as it appears in the verse in Divrei
Hayamim. All you need is a scribe to assume that there
should be an apostrophe there and it can get inserted.
Further, in the Vatican manuscript, we have הצללפונית, which
has the initial ה though also unfortunately the final ת. Here is
a picture of this:
4 Per Da’at Mikra.
5 Calculations of Trei Asar per Rabbi Ahron Marcusin his
book Barzilai.